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[Denny] Expect: 执行远端命令或登录时，避免输入命令

2012年4月7日  1,017+ views 发表评论 阅读评论

Auto-updated 2013-03-23 12:06.

[#B] Expect: 执行远端命令或登录时，避免输入命令


:P ROPERTIES:
:type: KnowledgeBase_Linux_Automate
:END:

Item Comment
send 将expect脚本中需要的信息发送给spawn启动的那个进程
send_user 回显用户发出的信息，类似于shell中的echo而已。
timeout变量 内置变量，控制交互的等待时间

1 DONE ssh到一组server上执行一个命令, 同时避免人工输入密码    IMPORTANT

CLOSED: 2012-11-24 10:28 

#!/usr/bin/expect
set timeout 10
set command "cat /etc/hosts"
set user "denny"
set password "password"
set servers "r610-1 r610-2"
foreach ip $servers {
    spawn ssh -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no $user@$ip "$command"
    expect "*password:*"
    send "$password\r"
    expect eof;
}

2 DONE expect兼容server可能需要输入密码，也可能不需要输入密码的两种情况

CLOSED: 2012-11-24 12:41 

#!/usr/bin/expect
set timeout 10
set command "cat /etc/hosts"
set user "denny"
set password "password"
set servers "127.0.0.1 denny-Vostro-1014"

foreach ip $servers {
    spawn ssh -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no $user@$ip "$command"
    expect {
        "*password:*" {
            send "$password\r"
            expect eof
        }
        eof {
        }
    }
}

3 DONE 在多server上执行某个费时命令，但不要串行执行，以提高速度

CLOSED: 2012-11-24 10:52 

#!/usr/bin/expect
set timeout 10
set logfile "/tmp/test.output"
set command "cat /etc/hosts > $logfile"
set command_timeout 5
set user "denny"
set password "password"
set servers "127.0.0.1 denny-Vostro-1014"

foreach ip $servers {
    spawn ssh -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no $user@$ip "$command"
    expect "*password:*"
    send "$password\r"
    expect eof;
}

sleep $command_timeout
set command "tail -n 20 $logfile"
foreach ip $servers {
    spawn ssh -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no $user@$ip "$command"
    expect "*password:*"
    send "$password\r"
    expect eof;
}

4 DONE ssh在server上执行一个命令

CLOSED: 2012-11-24 10:21 

#!/usr/bin/expect
set timeout 10
set command "cat /etc/hosts"
set user "denny"
set password "password"
set ip "127.0.0.1"
spawn ssh -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no $user@$ip "$command"
expect "*password:*"
send "$password\r"
expect eof;

5 DONE expect模块化编程，来复用代码

CLOSED: 2012-11-24 12:50 

#!/usr/bin/expect
set timeout 10
proc do_command {servers command} {
    set user "denny"
    set password "password"

    foreach ip $servers {
        spawn ssh -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no $user@$ip "$command"
        expect {
            "*password:*" {
                send "$password\r"
                expect eof
            }
            eof {
            }
        }
    }
}
set servers "127.0.0.1 denny-Vostro-1014"

do_command $servers "cat /etc/hosts"
do_command $servers "ifconfig"

6 DONE concrete example: 相对完善的示例

CLOSED: 2012-11-24 13:22
运行: test.exp password 

#!/usr/bin/expect
set timeout 10
set password [lindex $argv 0]
# common function
proc do_command {password servers command} {
    set user "root"

    foreach ip $servers {
        spawn ssh -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no $user@$ip "$command"
        expect {
            "*password:*" {
                send "$password\r"
                expect eof
            }
            eof {
            }
        }
    }
}

set all_servers "server1.server server2.server server3.server server4.server"

send_user "\n===========run command in all servers=============\n"
# puppet update
# do_command $password $all_servers "puppet agent --server puppet.server --waitforcert 60 --test"

# check error of router
# do_command $password $all_servers "find /var/log/service/ -name '*log*' | xargs grep -i 'error'"

do_command $password $all_servers "date"

7 # –8<————————– separator ————————>8–

8 [question] 登录ssh时，不需要人工输入密码，并保持session不断开,以继续使用terminal    IMPORTANT

9 [question] expect ssh到一组server上执行一个命令，如果任何一台失败，都返回失败

10 web page: Now Code » 用Expect脚本在多台服务器上执行命令

http://now-code.com/archives/512

11 web page: expect学习笔记及实例详解 – 点滴在线 – ifis – 和讯博客

http://ifis.blog.hexun.com/44587020\_d.html

Time: 2013-03-23 10:34:05 CST

Author: DennyZhang(markfilebat@126.com)


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